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History of The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina
The History of The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina began in the early 1800s with the establishment of state arsenals in Charleston, South Carolina and Columbia, South Carolina. These arsenals would come to be military schools comprising the South Carolina Military Academy. Playing a key role in South Carolina's efforts during the Civil War, the college gained a reputation for military discipline and rigor. After the Civil War, only the Charleston location reopened, known as The Citadel Academy. Renamed in 1910 as The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, the school's academic reputation grew, even as larger colleges within the state and region competed for resources and students. After moving to a new campus near Hampton Park in 1922, the college has grown substantially, integrating minorities in the 1960s and women in the 1990s, and producing many military officers, business, and political leaders throughout its history.
==Early history==
In 1829 South Carolina constructed an arsenal on what is now Marion Square in downtown Charleston to house arms and ammunition. The State entered into an agreement in 1830 with the War Department for Federal troops from nearby Fort Moultrie to garrison this new arsenal. State militia replaced them in 1832. Over the next 10 years arsenals throughout the state were consolidated in Charleston and Columbia. Governor John Richardson eventually proposed converting both into military academies based upon the Norwich University model and on December 20, 1842 the South Carolina Legislature passed "an Act to convert the Arsenal at Columbia and the citadel and magazine in and near Charleston, into Military Schools" thereby transforming the two state arsenals into the South Carolina Military Academy. The act specified:
That the students when admitted, shall be formed into a military corps, and shall constitute the public guard of the Arsenal at Columbia, and of the Citadel and Magazine in and near Charleston ... to guard effectually, the public arms and other property at the places aforsaid ...
The first 20 cadets reported to the Citadel Academy at Marion Square in downtown Charleston on March 20, 1843, a date now celebrated as "Corps Day". Initially both schools operated as separate institutions governed by a common Board of Visitors, but in 1845 the Arsenal Academy in Columbia became an auxiliary to the Citadel Academy in Charleston. First year students attended the Arsenal then transferred to the Citadel Academy to complete their education. Both schools continued to operate during the Civil War but the Arsenal in Columbia was burned by Union forces and never reopened. The only surviving building from the Arsenal is the current Governor's Mansion.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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